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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

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Published by : Advanced Scientific Research
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0975-2366
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IJPR 9[3] July - September 2017 Special Issue

July - September 9[3] 2017

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Hydroxyurea for the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: Assessment of Effectiveness and Side Effects

Author: EMAN MERGHANI ALI, MOSA MOHAMMED HASSAN TAWHARI, MAJED HASSAN MATHKUR, MOHAMMED ABDULLAH NOSHILY, KHALED AHMED HASSAN KHBRANI, MOAWIYA BADAWI MOHAMED, AHMAD Z AL MESLAMANI
Abstract: Background: There is a scarcity of data available on efficacy and safety of hydroxyurea, particularly on its long-term effects on sickle cell disease. Objective: To assess effectiveness and safety of hydroxyurea in the management of sickle cell disease and investigate the practices and attitudes of patients towards these adverse effects. Design and Setting: This was an interventional, cross-sectional study carried out in the Southwestern area in Saudi Arabia. Patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease were included in the study and information about their demographics, the characters of their disease, the side effects they had experienced, and the results for laboratory investigations before and after treatment with hydroxyurea were collected. The data was collected in an excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: 110 patients participated in this study. 28.2% of the patients were in the age group between 5 to 10 years, and 67.3% were treated by hydroxyurea for more than three years. The most common type of sickle cell anemia (89%) was type Hbss. The usual dose of hydroxyurea was 15mg/kg/day. 42.7% of the patients had experienced at least one adverse effect of the medication. Additionally, 32.7% of patients showed that the most common adverse effect was myelosuppression. Hydroxyurea significantly increased the levels of hemoglobin (p value<0.001), RBCs (p-value 0.02), total protein (p-value <0.001) and the albumin level (p-value <0.001). Also, serum creatinine was significantly reduced after the administration of hydroxyurea (p value<0.001), there was a significant decrease in the number of annual VOS crisis (p value<0.001), hospital admissions (p value< 0.001), and blood transfusion (p-value <0.001). Finally, there was no acute chest syndrome (ACS), or CNS events or bone diseases after hydroxyurea administration. Conclusion: The safety profile of Hydroxyurea is acceptable and its efficacy against treatment for sickle cell anemia, especially in the pediatric population.
Keyword: Hydroxyurea, sickle cell disease, demographics, serum creatinine.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.03.018
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